A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding

might be interesting. =E3=80=88A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding=E3=80=89 http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html plain text version follows. if you know what that =E2=80=9Cdead=E2=80=9D, =E2=80=9Cmute=E2=80=9D, or ot= hers are, please comment. ---------------------------------------------- A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding Xah Lee, 2011-03-10 The following is GNU Emacs's default keybinding: gnu_emacs_keybinding.txt. You can view it in emacs by pressing =E3=80=90F1 = b=E3=80=91 (describe-bindings). There are a total of 1353 bindings. ------------------------- The Lisp Keyboard Alt Key It has 137 bindings starting with the notation A-. A-/ Prefix Command A-1 Prefix Command A-3 Prefix Command A-< =C2=AB A-=3D =C2=AF A-> =C2=BB A-? =C2=BF A-C =C2=A9 I think these are key labeled =E2=80=9CAlt mode=E2=80=9D from the lisp keyb= oard. (See: lisp keyboard photos.) The purpose seems to be for inputting non-ASCII symbols. Today such key are called Alt-Graph key. ------------------------- Dead =EF=BC=86 Mute Keys There are 226 keys with the notation of dead- in it. e.g. <S-dead-acute> Prefix Command <dead-acute> Prefix Command <S-dead-tilde> A =C3=83 <S-dead-asciitilde> A =C3=83 <dead-tilde> A =C3=83 <S-dead-grave> A =C3=80 <dead-grave> A =C3=80 <S-dead-circumflex> 1 =C2=B9 <S-dead-circum> 1 =C2=B9 <S-dead-asciicircum> 1 =C2=B9 <dead-circumflex> 1 =C2=B9 <dead-circum> 1 =C2=B9 <dead-asciicircum> 1 =C2=B9 <S-dead-acute> A =C3=81 <dead-acute> A =C3=81 <S-dead-diaeresis> A =C3=84 <dead-diaeresis> A =C3=84 I'm not sure what these are. It might be the key labeled =E2=80=9CSymbol=E2= =80=9D. Note that the S- is the notation for the =E2=80=9CSuper=E2=80=9D key. So, <= S-dead- tilde> would be written as today something like =E3=80=90Super+Dead+~=E3=80= =91. There's also 70 keys with the notation of mute-, similar to the =E2=80=9Cde= ad=E2=80=9D above. ------------------------- =E2=80=9CC-x 8=E2=80=9D for Special Symbol Input After getting rid of these relic bindings, there are about 1k bindings. There are 140 bindings for C-x 8. These are for entering special symbols that we can actually use today. Example: C-x 8 < =C2=AB C-x 8 =3D =C2=AF C-x 8 > =C2=BB C-x 8 ? =C2=BF C-x 8 C =C2=A9 C-x 8 L =C2=A3 C-x 8 P =C2=B6 C-x 8 R =C2=AE C-x 8 S =C2=A7 C-x 8 Y =C2=A5 C-x 8 ^ Prefix Command ------------------------- Help, F1, =E2=80=9CC-h=E2=80=9D There are 48 keys with <help> notation. Example: <help> help-command C-h <help> help-for-help <f1> <help> help-for-help <help> C-a about-emacs <help> C-c describe-copying <help> C-d view-emacs-debugging <help> C-e view-external-packages <help> C-f view-emacs-FAQ .... <help> i info <help> k describe-key <help> l view-lossage <help> m describe-mode The =E2=80=9CHelp=E2=80=9D is a key on many keyboards, notably Apple, NeXT,= Sun Microsystems. See: Source www.pfu.fujitsu.com. Then there are 48 keys with <f1> notation. Example: <f1> help-command C-h <f1> help-for-help <f1> C-a about-emacs <f1> C-c describe-copying <f1> C-d view-emacs-debugging <f1> C-e view-external-packages <f1> C-f view-emacs-FAQ .... <f1> i info <f1> k describe-key <f1> l view-lossage <f1> m describe-mode There are also 48 keys with C-h notation. C-h help-command <C-home> beginning-of-buffer C-h C-a about-emacs C-h C-c describe-copying C-h C-d view-emacs-debugging C-h C-e view-external-packages C-h C-f view-emacs-FAQ .... C-h i info C-h k describe-key C-h l view-lossage C-h m describe-mode All these i think are exactly equivalent maps. ------------------------- C-x Prefix There are 204 with the C-x notation. Example: C-x C-@ pop-global-mark C-x C-b list-buffers C-x C-c save-buffers-kill-terminal C-x C-d list-directory C-x C-e eval-last-sexp C-x C-f find-file C-x TAB indent-rigidly .... C-x $ set-selective-display C-x ' expand-abbrev C-x ( kmacro-start-macro C-x ) kmacro-end-macro C-x * calc-dispatch C-x + balance-windows C-x - shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer C-x . set-fill-prefix C-x 0 delete-window C-x 1 delete-other-windows C-x 2 split-window-vertically .... C-x a Prefix Command C-x b switch-to-buffer C-x d dired C-x e kmacro-end-and-call-macro C-x f set-fill-column C-x h mark-whole-buffer .... C-x <C-left> previous-buffer C-x <C-right> next-buffer C-x <left> previous-buffer C-x <right> next-buffer C-x C-k C-a kmacro-add-counter C-x C-k C-c kmacro-set-counter C-x C-k C-d kmacro-delete-ring-head C-x C-k C-e kmacro-edit-macro-repeat C-x C-k C-f kmacro-set-format ------------------------- =E2=80=9Cview-mode=E2=80=9D Minor Mode Keys There are about 38 keys are for =E2=80=9Cview-mode=E2=80=9D. They are almos= t all single letter keys. Example: 0 .. 9 digit-argument < beginning-of-buffer =3D what-line > end-of-buffer ? describe-mode @ View-back-to-mark C View-kill-and-leave E View-exit-and-edit F View-revert-buffer-scroll-page-forward H describe-mode Q View-quit-all ------------------------- Ctrl+Meta Bindings (C-M) There are 36 bindings with notation C-M-. Example: <C-M-down> down-list <C-M-end> end-of-defun <C-M-home> beginning-of-defun <C-M-left> backward-sexp <C-M-right> forward-sexp <C-M-up> backward-up-list C-M-@ mark-sexp C-M-a beginning-of-defun C-M-b backward-sexp C-M-c exit-recursive-edit C-M-d down-list C-M-j indent-new-comment-line C-M-k kill-sexp These are designed to navigate/edit lisp code. (See: How to Edit Lisp Code with Emacs.) ------------------------- Ancient Special Keys Now, there are ~400 bindings left. Here's the file: gnu_emacs_keybinding_rest.txt. Some keys interesting are these: <again> repeat-complex-command <begin> beginning-of-buffer <compose-last-chars> compose-last-chars <copy> clipboard-kill-ring-save <cut> clipboard-kill-region <delete-frame> handle-delete-frame <deletechar> delete-char <deleteline> kill-line <escape> ESC <linefeed> C-j <execute> execute-extended-command <f16> clipboard-kill-ring-save <f18> clipboard-yank <f20> clipboard-kill-region <find> search-forward <header-line> Prefix Command <iconify-frame> ignore-event <insertchar> overwrite-mode <insertline> open-line <language-change> ignore <left-fringe> Prefix Command <lwindow> ignore <make-frame-visible> ignore-event <menu> execute-extended-command <mode-line> Prefix Command <select-window> handle-select-window <switch-frame> handle-switch-frame I think most of these are actual keys. You can still see some of these keys on Sun Microsystem's keyboard. (alas, Sun just died a year ago.) For photo of Sun keyboard, see: Sun Microsystem's =E2=80=9CType 6=E2=80=9D = Keyboard. Xah =E2=88=91 http://xahlee.org/

Xah Lee <xahlee@gmail.com> writes: > Dead ＆ Mute Keys > > There are 226 keys with the notation of dead- in it. e.g. > > <S-dead-acute> Prefix Command > <dead-acute> Prefix Command > <S-dead-tilde> A Ã > <S-dead-asciitilde> A Ã > > I'm not sure what these are. It might be the key labeled “Symbol”. Dead keys are keys that, when pressed, don't produce a character. On a French AZERTY keyboard, this is used for the ^ key, for instance: you press the ^ key (nothing appears on-screen), then a vowel, say `e', and you get `ê'. In modern implementations of Linux / X, I beleive the composing of ê is actually done by X, and emacs doesn't see a `dead-circumflex' key being pressed. YMMV depending on the X keymap and emacs' translation map. -- Frédéric Perrin

On Mar 10, 7:10=C2=A0am, Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> wrote: > =E3=80=88A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding=E3=80=89 = http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html > Note that the S- is the notation for the =E2=80=9CSuper=E2=80=9D key. So,= <S-dead- > tilde> would be written as today something like =E3=80=90Super+Dead+~=E3= =80=91. correction: the S- is not super, it's Shift. Xah

On Mar 10, 3:13=C2=A0pm, Fr=C3=A9d=C3=A9ric Perrin <fred...@SPAM.resel.fr>= wrote: > Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> writes: > > Dead =EF=BC=86 Mute Keys > > > There are 226 keys with the notation of dead- in it. e.g. > > > <S-dead-acute> =C2=A0Prefix Command > > <dead-acute> =C2=A0Prefix Command > > <S-dead-tilde> A =C3=83 > > <S-dead-asciitilde> A =C3=83 > > > I'm not sure what these are. It might be the key labeled =E2=80=9CSymbo= l=E2=80=9D. > > Dead keys are keys that, when pressed, don't produce a character. On a > French AZERTY keyboard, this is used for the ^ key, for instance: you > press the ^ key (nothing appears on-screen), then a vowel, say `e', and > you get `=C3=AA'. In modern implementations of Linux / X, I beleive the > composing of =C3=AA is actually done by X, and emacs doesn't see a > `dead-circumflex' key being pressed. YMMV depending on the X keymap and > emacs' translation map. Thanks. Didn't connect with the dead key concept before. Normally, each notation corresponds to a key. So, does this mean sometimes in the past some keyboard actually have ~8 dedicated physical dead keys, one for each diacritic mark? Xah

Xah Lee <xahlee@gmail.com> writes: > might be interesting. > > 〈A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding〉 > http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html > > plain text version follows. > > if you know what that “dead”, “mute”, or others are, please comment. > > ---------------------------------------------- > A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding > > Xah Lee, 2011-03-10 > > The following is GNU Emacs's default keybinding: > gnu_emacs_keybinding.txt. You can view it in emacs by pressing 【F1 b】 > (describe-bindings). There are a total of 1353 bindings. > What do you mean by 'default' key bindings? The command [f1] b or C-h b lists the current key bindings for the mode you are in. This list not only depends on what mode, but also what minor modes you have loaded and you will get different results depending on where/when you execute that command. Mode specific local bindings also override global bindings and this list will include any user defined bindings. Therefore, referring to it as emacs' default key bindings is probably a bit misleading as people may wonder why their 'defaults' differ from your list. Tim -- tcross (at) rapttech dot com dot au

On Mar 10, 10:37=C2=A0pm, Tim X <t...@nospam.dev.null> wrote: > Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> writes: > > might be interesting. > > > =E3=80=88A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding=E3=80= =89 > >http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html > > > plain text version follows. > > > if you know what that =E2=80=9Cdead=E2=80=9D, =E2=80=9Cmute=E2=80=9D, o= r others are, please comment. > > > ---------------------------------------------- > > A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding > > > Xah Lee, 2011-03-10 > > > The following is GNU Emacs's default keybinding: > > gnu_emacs_keybinding.txt. You can view it in emacs by pressing =E3=80= =90F1 b=E3=80=91 > > (describe-bindings). There are a total of 1353 bindings. > > What do you mean by 'default' key bindings? The command [f1] b or C-h b > lists the current key bindings for the mode you are in. This list not > only depends on what mode, but also what minor modes you have loaded and > you will get different results depending on where/when you execute that > command. Mode specific local bindings also override global bindings and > this list will include any user defined bindings. Therefore, referring > to it as emacs' default key bindings is probably a bit misleading as > people may wonder why their 'defaults' differ from your list. > > Tim > > -- > tcross (at) rapttech dot com dot au you are right. I'll reword it a bit.Thanks. Xah

On Mar 10, 7:10=C2=A0am, Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> wrote: > might be interesting. > > =E3=80=88A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding=E3=80=89 > http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html some question about the lisp keyboard. I never really understood the relation of the Alt and Meta. here's some questions. =E2=80=A2 In describe-binding, there's this: > A-/ =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Prefix Command > A-1 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Prefix Command > A-3 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Prefix Command > A-< =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=AB > A-=3D =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=AF > A-> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=BB > A-? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=BF > A-C =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A9 (1): Does anyone know what that key is on the lisp keyboard? On the space cadget keyboard, there's Alt Mode and Alt Lock. Is this the key? on the later Symbolics lisp machine keyboard (PN 365407 Rev C), there is no key labeled Alt at all. (2) There's a key labeled =E2=80=9CSymbol=E2=80=9D on lisp machine keyboard= .. Anyone know what it is? (3) it's hard to know history if one didn't live thru it. My question is, just how long or wide spread is the space cadget keyboard? Is it just a short-lived fancy keyboard or is it common among lisp machines of the time? or even, is it only used by lisp machines or is also commonly used on other machines at the time? (am asking this because the space cadget keyboard is catchy in name and all the modifiers but perhaps it isn't the main influence to emacs compared to later lisp keyboard, etc.) Xah

Xah Lee <xahlee@gmail.com> writes: > sometimes in the past some keyboard actually have ~8 dedicated > physical dead keys, one for each diacritic mark? oh no, simply you tell your application that some normal keys are to be treated differently i said application due to the emacs context of this discussion, but it could be also some midlevel software (think of X and of xkbd)

On Mar 24, 2:17=A0pm, Giacomo Boffi <giacomo.bo...@polimi.it> wrote: > Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> writes: > > sometimes in the past some keyboard actually have ~8 dedicated > > physical dead keys, one for each diacritic mark? > > oh no, simply you tell your application that some normal keys are to > be treated differently > > i said application due to the emacs context of this discussion, but it > could be also some midlevel software (think of X and of xkbd) not quite sure i understand what you mean. we talking about the period of 1980s right? That's the context of this thread supposed to be. Xah

On 2011-03-10, Xah Lee <xahlee@gmail.com> wrote: > might be interesting. > > 〈A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding〉 > http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html > > plain text version follows. Very interesting. The C-x 8 series I was unaware of, and I would've been glad to know about it as I usually have to change input method when I want to type a bit in French or Spanish. Interesting to see the A- notation, for example A-Y for the Yen symbol, doesn't work with a modern Alt key.

On Mar 26, 2:31=C2=A0pm, RS Wood <ra...@therandymon.com> wrote: > On 2011-03-10, Xah Lee <xah...@gmail.com> wrote: > > > might be interesting. > > > =E3=80=88A Curious Look at GNU Emacs's 1000+ Default Keybinding=E3=80= =89 > >http://xahlee.org/emacs/gnu_emacs_keybinding.html > > > plain text version follows. > > Very interesting. =C2=A0The C-x 8 series I was unaware of, and I would've > been glad to know about it as I usually have to change input method > when I want to type a bit in French or Spanish. =C2=A0Interesting to see = the > A- notation, for example A-Y for the Yen symbol, doesn't work with a > modern Alt key. yes, the C-x 8 is great. Though these days i've setup my own system of keys to input special chars, much like Mac OS's Opt+letter key. (I use Hyper+=E2=80=B9letter=E2=80=BA, where the Hyper is Window keyboard's Menu k= ey) This is faster than Ctrl+x 8 =E2=80=B9letter=E2=80=BA. setting up your own is sometimes desired because the C-x 8 mechanism is mostly for latin symbols, and doesn't contain much math symbols such as infinity =E2=88=9E, lambda =CE=BB, alpha =CE=B1, arrow =E2=86=92, e= tc. here's several ways to setup a symbol keyboard layout. Thru OS mechanism, or with emacs: =E3=80=88How to Create a APL or Math Symbols Keyboard Layout=E3=80=89 http://xahlee.org/kbd/creating_apl_keyboard_layout.html But if you work with math a lot (e.g. XeTeX, MathML, Mathematica, or functional langs), where you need to input hundreds of math symbols, direct key input is not suitable because it becomes difficult to memorize the exact key combos. For that many symbols, a input system is more suitable. e.g. type =E2=80=9Cinf=E2=80=9D then press a hotkey and i= t becomes =E2=88=9E. Same for lambda, whole greek letters, sum, logic and/or/not, all direction of arrows and variations, etc. here's my math symbols input system: =E3=80=88Emacs Unicode Math Symbols Input Mode (xmsi-mode)=E3=80=89 http://xahlee.org/emacs/xmsi-math-symbols-input.html it's open source, but donation is much appreciated. Xah